23. Prévot Geoffroy - Institut des NanoSciences de Paris

Geoffroy Prévot
Birth : 09-07-1974

CNRS Senior Researcher at the Paris Institute of Nanoscience

Curriculum Vitae :

Geoffroy Prévot
Birth : 09-07-1974

Education and carrer :

CNRS Senior Researcher at the Institute of Nanoscience of Paris

2007 : Habilitation à diriger des recherches (HDR) « elastic displacements and interactions for periodic nanostructured surfaces ».

1999 : PhD. in Physics, UPMC, “Atomic displacements on copper surfaces : atomic relaxations and vibrations for a (100) vicinal surface, and diffusion mechanisms for Pb on (110) and (100) surfaces”, at the Group of Physics of Solids, supervisor Camille Cohen.

Professional activities :

since 2015 : responsible of the team « Physico-Chemistry and Dynamics of Surfaces »
2013-2019 : responsible of the « Surfaces and Nanostructures » course for SMNO Master II
2009-2013 : Member of the SOLEIL Synchrotron Peer Review Comitee
2008-2012 : Member of the CoNRS (section 5) Member of the « Nanoscience » expert comitee of the Université Denis Diderot (Paris 7)
2004-2007 : Member of the 28^e section of the Université Paris Sud (Paris 11)
2003-2004 : Member of the 28^e section of the Université Denis Diderot (Paris 7)

Teaching topics

surface structure
diffraction techniques
chemisorption
surface reactivity
nucleation and growth mechanisms

Research topics

Elastic displacements and interactions for nanostructured surfaces

Surfaces that present a periodic nanostructuration are widely used for controlled growth of nanoparticles, for applications in electronics, magnetism or catalysis. Elastic relaxations of the substrat often play a major role for the surface organisation, through the associated elastic energy. This is the case for self-organisation of stressed domains on a crystal surface. For other cases, the elastic energy is the motor of the thermodynamics of the system considered, e. g. for vicinal surfaces. The elastic relaxations and interactions can be directly measured by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and analytically computed for various configurations.

Catalysts observed under operando conditions

From the 1970s to the 1990s, the physics of model surfaces was most often confined to ultra-vacuum studies or moderate gas adsorption. With such approaches, it is possible to prepare the system in a controlled state and study precisely its intrinsic properties (atomic structure, electronic and magnetic properties, etc.). Nevertheless, in order to develop nanomaterials that are increasingly efficient, less expensive, and more planet friendly, or for applications in catalysis and future energies, it is necessary to understand the surfacereactivity at an atomic scale and under realistic conditions of temperature and pressure. In this perspective, in the last two decades, new experimental techniques allowing « operando » studies have emerged. They are designed to observe systems under reaction conditions, while preparing them in a controlled initial state. In short, these experimental techniques allow to cross the pressure gap between the ultra-vacuum (UHV) and the ambient pressure. My objectives are to follow at an atomic scale model catalysts such as epitaxial nanoparticules or vicinal surfaces, from the preparation under UHV up to ambient or near ambient pressure gas exposure, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and X-ray photoemission (XPS).

Novel 2D materials

The study of epitaxial thin films is undergoing a renewal through the topic of novel two-dimensional materials for which graphene is a paradigm. These materials present new electronic properties, such as the presence of Dirac cones in the electron structure and charge carriers acting as ultra-relativistic fermions. The synthesis of such materials with controllable electronic properties (opening of a gap, strong spin-orbit coupling) is a current challenge in electronics and spintronics. I currently work on the structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of formation of epitaxial silicene and germanene.

Highlights

Methods

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Omicron VT STM working from UHV up to ambiant pressure.
Development of a program for analysing STM images adapted to crystal surfaces and nanoparticles (specific planar correction taking into account the presence of terraces and steps ; correction of the thermal drift between successive STM images ; different way for measuring nanoparticle height. The program is written in python 2.7, and based on PyQT and guiqwt interfaces. If you are interested, please contact me directly (prevot.at.insp.jussieu.fr)

Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXD) is a direct tool for measuring the elastic displacement modes near the surface of a crystal. At the INSP, and with collaboration of various teams, we have shown that GIXD was a very sensitive methods for studying elastic interactions and relaxations for for nanostructured surfaces (for example, self-organized surfaces and vicinal surfaces). Due to the fact that X-Ray diffraction is a Fourier transform of the electronic density, and thus, of the atomic positions, elastic displacement modes appear as additional spots in the reciprocal space. Their characteristics can be directly derived from the elastic constants of the material. Measuring the amplitude of the diffracted wave for these peaks allows to directly determine the force distribution at the surface which is at the origin of the elastic displacements. Based on linear elasticity results, I have developed algorithms for fitting experimental structure factors, taking into account the elastic displacements that propagate into the bulk. The method takes into account the crystal anisotropy and the nature of the force distribution

High Resolution Low Energy Electron Diffraction

Omicron Spot Profile Analysis Low Energy Electron Diffraction
Program for SPALEED analysis

Reactivity measurements with pulsed beams

I develop an experimental set-up for reactivity measurements in the 10-8 -10-4 mbar pressure range with pulsed beams and mass spectrometry

Numerical simulations

In addition to personal fitting programs for X-Ray data, I use Molecular Dynamics codes to study the atomic structure of metal surfaces and nanoparticles, together with semi-empirical many-body potentials derived from the tigth-binding sheme.
I have developped specific (kinetic) Monte-Carlo (MC) agorithms for studying thermodynamics and kinetics of surface processes :

MC algorithm for fluctuations of steps on vicinal surfaces interacting elastically ;
kMC algorithms for growth of nanoparticles on a self-organized system ;
off-lattice and on-lattice kMC algorithms for Ostwald ripening of nanoparticles on surfaces.

Publication List :

2016-2019

C. Livache, B. Ryan, U. Ramesh, V. Steinmetz, C. Gréboval, A. Chu, T. Brulé, S. Ithurria, G. Prévot, T. Barisien, A. Ouerghi, M. Panthani, E. Lhuillier, Optoelectronic properties of methyl-terminated germanane
Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 (2019) 052106
DOI : 10.1063/1.5111011

A. Curcella, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, A. Resta, M. Lazzeri, G. Prévot, Structure and stability of silicene on Ag(111) reconstructions from grazing incidence x-raydiffraction and density functional theory
Phys. Rev. B 97 (2019) 205411
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.205411

A. Wilson, A.Bailly, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, A. Coati, B. Croset, H. Cruguel, A. Naitabdi, M. Silly, M.-C. Saint-Lager, A. Vlad, N. Witkowski, Y. Garreau, G. Prévot, Gas-induced selective re-orientation of Au-Cu nanoparticles on TiO2(110)
Nanoscale 11 (2019) 752
DOI : 10.1039/C8NR07645F

M. Farronato, I. Bidermane, J. Lüder, M. Bouvet, A. Vlad, A. Jones, J. Simbrunner, R. Resel, B. Brena, G. Prévot, N. Witkowski, New Quadratic Self-Assembly of Double-Decker Phthalocyanine on Gold(111) Surface : From Macroscopic to Microscopic Scale
J. Phys. Chem. C 122 (2018) 26480
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08462

C. Hogan, O. Pulci, P. Gori, F. Bechstedt, D. S. Martin, E. E. Barritt, A. Curcella, G. Prévot, Y. Borensztein, Optical properties of silicene, Si/Ag(111), and Si/Ag(110)
Phys. Rev. B (2018) 195407
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.195407

W. Peng, T. Xu, P. Diener, L. Biadala, M. Berthe,X. Pi, Y. Borensztein, A. Curcella, R. Bernard, G. Prévot, B. Grandidier, Resolving the controversial existence of silicene and germanene nanosheets grown on HOPG
ACS Nano (2018) 4754
DOI : 10.1021/acsnano.8b01467

A. Curcella, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, S. Pandolfi, G. Prévot, Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111) : comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 9 (2018) 48
DOI : 10.3762/bjnano.9.7

A. Curcella, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, M. Lazzeri, G. Prévot, Mechanism for the stabilization and surfactant properties of epitaxial silicene
Nanoscale 10 (2018) 2291
DOI : 10.1039/C7NR06833F

A. Curcella, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, M. Lazzeri, A. Resta, Y. Garreau, G. Prévot, Multilayer silicene : clear evidence of Ag-terminated bulk silicon
2D Materials 4 (2017) 025067
DOI : 10.1088/2053-1583/aa65b8

G. Prévot, C. Hogan, T. Leoni, R. Bernard, E. Moyen, L. Masson, Si nanoribbons on Ag(110) studied by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density-functional theory : evidence of a pentamer chain structure
Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 276102
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.276102

A. Curcella, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, A. Resta, M. Lazzeri, and G. Prévot, Determining the atomic structure of the (4 x 4) silicene layer on Ag(111) by combined grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction measurements and first-principles calculations
Phys. Rev. B 94 (2016) 165438
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.165438

M. Iachella, A. Wilson, A. Naitabdi, R. Bernard, G. Prévot, D. Loffreda, Promoter Effect of Hydration on the Nucleation of Nanoparticles : Direct Observation for Gold and Copper on Rutile TiO2 (110)
Nanoscale 8 (2016) 16475
DOI : 10.1039/c6nr02466a

G. Prévot, N.T. Nguyen, D. Alloyeau, C. Ricolleau, J. Nelayah, Ostwald-driven phase separation in bimetallic nanoparticle assemblies
ACS Nano 10 (2016) 4127
DOI : 10.1021/acsnano.5b07377

O. Balmes, G. Prévot, X. Torrelles, E. Lundgren, S. Ferrer, Diatomic steps in Pt(997) surfaces are better catalysts than monatomic steps for the CO oxidation reaction near atmospheric pressure
ACS Catal. 6 (2016) 1285
DOI : 10.1021/acscatal.5b02526

F. Leroy, Y. Garreau, F. Cheynis, B. Croset, A. Coati, P. Müller, and G. Prévot, Elastic cost of silicon step rebonding
Phys. Rev. B 93 (2016) 045416
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.045416

G. Prévot, R. Bernard, H. Cruegel, A. Curcella, M. Lazzeri, T. Leoni, L. Masson, A. Ranguis, Y. Borensztein Formation of silicene on silver : strong interaction between Ag and Si
Phys. Stat. Solidi B 253 (2016) 206
DOI : 10.1002/pssb.201552524

2012-2015

Y. Borensztein, A. Curcella, S. Royer and G. Prévot Silicene multilayers on Ag(111) display a cubic diamondlike structure and a v3×v3 reconstruction induced by surfactant Ag atoms
Phys. Rev. B 92 (2015) 155407
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.15540

R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, H. Cruguel, M. Lazzeri, and G. Prévot Growth mechanism of silicene on Ag(111) determined by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and ab initio calculations
Phys. Rev. B 92, 045415 (2015)
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.045415

A. Wilson, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, B. Croset, H. Cruguel, A. Vlad, A. Coati, Y. Garreau, G. Prévot Critical Au Concentration for the Stabilization of Au-Cu Nanoparticles on Rutile against Dissociation under Oxygen
J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 2050 (2015)
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00791

T. Leoni, R. Bernard, A. Ranguis, Y. Borensztein, G. Prévot, L. Masson Si Ultrathin Films on Silver Surfaces : An Intriguing Epitaxial System
ECS Transactions 64, 89 (2014)
DOI : 10.1149/06406.0089ecst

G. Prévot, R. Bernard, H. Cruguel, Y. Borensztein Monitoring Si growth on Ag(111) with scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that silicene structure involves silver atoms
Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 213106 (2014)
DOI : 10.1063/1.4902811

A. Wilson, R. Bernard, A. Vlad, Y. Borensztein, A. Coati, B. Croset, Y. Garreau, G. Prévot, Epitaxial growth of bimetallic Au-Cu nanoparticles on TiO2(110) followed in situ by scanning tunneling microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction
Phys. Rev. B 90, 075416 (2014)
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075416

Y. Borensztein, G. Prévot, L. Masson, Large differences in the optical properties of a single layer of Si on Ag(110) compared to silicene
Phys. Rev. B 89, 245410 (2014)
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.245410

O. Balmes, G. Prévot, X. Torrelles, E. Lundgren, S. Ferrer, Generation of surface steps on Pt(977) induced by the catalytic oxidation of CO
J. Catal. 309, 33 (2014).
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.09.001

R. Bernard, T. Leoni, A. Wilson, T. Lelaidier, H. Sahaf, E. Moyen, L. Assaud, L. Santinacci, F. Leroy, F. Cheynis, A. Ranguis, H. Jamgotchian, C. Becker, Y. Borensztein, M. Hanbücken, G. Prévot, L. Masson, Growth of Si ultrathin films on silver surfaces : Evidence of an Ag(110) reconstruction induced by Si
Phys. Rev. B 88, 121411(R) (2013).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.121411

G. Prévot, S. Le Moal, R. Bernard, B. Croset, R. Lazzari, D. Schmaus Archetypal structure of ultrathin alumina films : Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction on Ni(111)
Phys. Rev. B 85, 205450 (2012).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205450

G. Prévot, F. Leroy, B. Croset, Y. Garreau, A. Coati, P. Müller Step-induced elastic relaxation and surface structure of the Si(7710) surface,
Surf. Sci. 606, 209 (2012).
DOI : 10.1016/j.susc.2011.09.019

2008-2011

G. Prévot, Ostwald ripening of 3d clusters on a surface studied with an ultra-fast kinetic Monte-Carlo algorithm,
Phys. Rev. B 84, 045434 (2011).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.045434

G. Prévot, Direct Observation of Elastic Displacement Modes by Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Diffraction in Mechanical Stress on the Nanoscale, M. Hanbuecken, P. Mueller, R.B. Wehrspohn ed., WILEY-VCH, Weinheim p. 275 (2011).

D. Alloyeau, G. Prévot, Y. Le Bouar, T. Oikawa, C. Langlois, A. Loiseau, C. Ricolleau, Ostwald ripening in nanoalloys : when thermodynamics drives a size-dependent particle composition,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 255901 (2010).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.255901

G. Prévot, L. Barbier, P. Steadman, Step interactions on Pt(111) vicinal surfaces determined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction : influence of the step orientation,
Surf. Sci. 604, 1265 (2010).
DOI : 10.1016/j.susc.2010.04.012

G. Prévot, Y. Girard, V. Repain, S. Rousset, A. Coati,Y. Garreau, J. Paul, N. Mammen, S. Narasimhan, Elastic displacements and step interactions on metallic surfaces : GIXD and ab initio study of Au(332),
Phys. Rev. B 81, 075415 (2010).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.075415

G. Prévot, S. LeMoal, D. Schmaus, Epitaxial alloyed films out of the bulk stability domain : surface structure and composition of Ni3Al and NiAl films on a stepped Ni(111) surface,
Surf. Sci. 604, 770 (2010).
DOI : 10.1016/j.susc.2010.01.025

G. Prévot, A. Naitabdi, R. Bernard, Y. Borensztein, Sixton-rectangles in the structure of alumina ultra-thin films on metals,
Phys. Rev. B 81, 085405 (2010).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.085405

G. Prévot, B. Croset, Equilibrium configurations of two-dimensional stressed domains on the surface of isotropic and cubic crystals,
Surf. Rev. Lett. 16, 545 (2009).
DOI : 10.1142/S0218625X09012925

2004-2007

G. Prévot, B. Croset, A. Coati, Y. Garreau, Direct observation of elastic displacement modes by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction,
J. Appl. Cryst. 40, 874 (2007).
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889807034115

B. Croset, H. Guesmi, G. Prévot, Role of anisotropies on the self organization of stressed domains on (001) surfaces of cubic crystals,
Phys. Rev. B 76, 073405 (2007).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.073405

G. Prévot, H. Guesmi, B. Croset, Ordered growth of nanodots on a pre-structured metallic template : Au/N/Cu(001),
Surf. Sci. 601, 2017 (2007).
DOI : 10.1016/j.susc.2007.02.033

G. Prévot, B. Croset, Elastic relaxations and interactions on metallic vicinal surfaces : testing the dipole model,
Phys. Rev. B 74, 235410 (2006).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235410

G. Prévot, B. Croset, A. Coati, Y. Garreau, Y. Girard, Self-organized systems for measuring surface stress at the nanoscale : N and O adsorption on Cu(001),
Phys. Rev. B 73, 205418 (2006).

B. Croset, G. Prévot, Elastic relaxations and interactions for vicinal and self-organized surfaces : Role of crystalline anisotropy,
Phys. Rev. B 73, 045434 (2006).
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045434

S. Rousset, B. Croset, Y. Girard, G. Prévot, V. Repain, S. Rohart, Self-organized epitaxial growth on spontaneously nano-patterned templates,
C. R. Physique 6, 33 (2005).

G. Prévot, A. Coati, Y. Garreau, GIXD measurement of the relaxations and elastic step interactions on Cu(211) and Cu(322),
Phys. Rev. B 70, 205406 (2004).

G. Prévot, B. Croset, Revisiting elastic interactions between steps on vicinal surfaces : The buried dipole model,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 256104 (2004).

G. Prévot, B. Croset, Y. Girard, A. Coati, Y. Garreau, M. Hohage, L.D. Sun, P. Zeppenfeld, Elastic origin of the O/Cu(110) self-ordering evidenced by GIXD,
Surf. Sci. 549, 52 (2004).

2000-2003

G. Prévot, P. Steadman, S. Ferrer, Determination of the elastic dipole at the atomic steps of Pt(977) from surface x-ray diffraction,
Phys. Rev. B 67, 245409 (2003).

G. Prévot, B. Croset, Self-organisation of chemisorbed systems : elastic origin and kinetic factors,
Thin Solid Films 428, 25 (2003).

B. Croset, Y. Girard, G. Prévot, M. Sotto, Y. Garreau, R. Pinchaux, M. Sauvage-Simkin, Measuring surface stress discontinuities in self-organized systems with X-rays,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 056103 (2002).

G. Prévot, C.R. Henry, Micro-Kinetic Modeling of the CO+NO Reaction on Pd/MgO Particles,
J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 12191 (2002).

G. Prévot, O. Meerson, L. Piccolo, C.R. Henry, Reactivity of supported metal clusters : The reduction of NO by CO on a Pd/MgO catalyst,
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 4251 (2002).

G. Prévot, C. Cohen, D. Schmaus, P. Hecquet, B. Salanon, Temperature dependence of the atomic relaxations and vibrations on a stepped surface : a molecular dynamics study of Cu(1,1,19),
Surf. Sci. 506, 272 (2002).

C. Cohen, H. Ellmer, J.-M. Guigner, A. L’Hoir, G. Prévot, D. Schmaus, M. Sotto, Surface relaxation and near surface atomic displacements in the N/Cu(100) self-ordered system,
Surf. Sci. 490, 336 (2001).

C. Cohen, G. Prévot, D. Schmaus, Metal heterodiffusion on metallic surfaces : case of Pb on Cu, in M.C. Tringides and Z. Chvoj (eds), Collective Diffusion on Surfaces : Correlation Effects and Adatom Interactions, p. 107, Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001.

G. Prévot, C. Cohen, D. Schmaus, V. Pontikis, Non-isotropic surface diffusion of Pb on Cu(110) : a molecular dynamics study,
Surf. Sci. 459, 57 (2000).

G. Prévot, C. Cohen, J.-M. Guigner, D. Schmaus, Macroscopic and mesoscopic surface diffusion from a deposit formed by a Stranski-Krastanov type of growth : Pb on Cu(100) at above one layer coverage,
Phys. Rev. B. 61, 10393 (2000).

M. Morjean, M. Chevallier, C. Cohen, D. Dauvergne, J. Dural, J. Galin, F. Goldenbaum, D. Jacquet, R. Kirsch, E. Lienard, B. Lott, A. Peghaire, Y. Perier, J.C. Poizat, G. Prevot, J. Remillieux, D. Schmaus, M. Toulemonde, Investigation of fission time distributions by the blocking technique in single crystals, Proceedings of the IVth international conference on dynamical aspects of nuclear fission, Casta-Papiernika, Slovaquie, Ed. World Scientific, p. 254, (2000).

before 2000

M. Morjean, M. Chevallier, C. Cohen, D. Dauvergne, J. Dural, J. Galin, D. Jacquet, R. Kirsch, E. Lienard, B. Lott, A. Peghaire, Y. Perier, J.C. Poizat, G. Prevot, J. Remillieux, D. Schmaus, M. Toulemonde, Evolution of fission life time with temperature : a straightforward measurement by the blocking technique, Proceedings of the Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physics, American Institute of Physics, p. 134 (1997).

M. Morjean, M. Chevallier, C. Cohen, D. Dauvergne, J. Dural, J. Galin, F. Goldenbaum, D. Jacquet, R. Kirsch, E. Lienard, B. Lott, A. Peghaire, Y. Perier, J.C. Poizat, G. Prevot, J. Remillieux, D. Schmaus, M. Toulemonde, A direct determination of fission lifetimes as a function of excitation energy by the blocking technique, 6th International School Seminar on Heavy Ion Physics, Dubna, Ed World Scientific : Heavy Ion Physics, p. 683 (1998).

F. Goldenbaum, M. Morjean, J. Galin, E. Liénard, B. Lott, Y. Périer, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, R. Kirsch, A. Peghaire, J.C. Poizat, J. Remilleux, C. Cohen, A. L’Hoir, G. Prévot, D. Schmaus, J. Dural, M. Toulemonde, D. Jacquet, Fission time evolution with excitation energy from a crystal blocking experiment,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5012 (1999).

G. Prévot, C. Cohen, J. Moulin, D. Schmaus, Surface diffusion of Pb on Cu(110) at low coverage : competition between exchange and jump,
Surf. Sci. 421, 364 (1999).

M. Morjean, M. Chevallier, C. Cohen, D. Dauvergne, J. Dural, J. Galin, F. Goldenbaum, D. Jacquet, R. Kirsch, E. Liénard, B. Lott, A. Peghaire, Y. Périer, J.C. Poizat, G. Prévot, J. Remilleux, D. Schmaus, M. Toulemonde, Fission lifetime measured by the blocking technique as a function of excitation energy in the 24 A.MeV 238+U+28Si reaction,
Nucl. Phys.A 630, 200 (1998).

Prévot Geoffroy

Personnal webpage